The adoption of the Large Language Model (LLM) has accelerated dramatically
since the ChatGPT from OpenAI went online in November 2022. Recent advances in
Large Multimodal Models (LMMs), which process diverse data types and enable
interaction through various channels, have expanded beyond the text-to-text
limitations of early LLMs, attracting significant and concurrent attention from
both researchers and industry. While LLMs and LMMs are starting to spread
widely, concerns about their privacy risks are increasing as well. Membership
Inference Attacks (MIAs), techniques used to determine whether a particular
data point was part of a model's training set, serve as a key metric for
assessing the privacy vulnerabilities of machine learning models. Hu et al.
show that various machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to MIA. Despite
extensive studies on MIAs in traditional models, there remains a lack of
systematic surveys addressing their effectiveness and implications in modern
large-scale models like LLMs and LMMs. In this paper, we systematically
reviewed recent studies of MIA against LLMs and LMMs. We analyzed and
categorized each attack based on their methodology and scenario and discussed
the limitations in existing research. Additionally, we examine privacy concerns
associated with the fine-tuning process. Finally, we provided some suggestions
for future research in this direction.