Industry 4.0 is the latest industrial revolution primarily merging automation
with advanced manufacturing to reduce direct human effort and resources.
Predictive maintenance (PdM) is an industry 4.0 solution, which facilitates
predicting faults in a component or a system powered by state-of-the-art
machine learning (ML) algorithms and the Internet-of-Things (IoT) sensors.
However, IoT sensors and deep learning (DL) algorithms, both are known for
their vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks. In the context of PdM systems, such
attacks can have catastrophic consequences as they are hard to detect due to
the nature of the attack. To date, the majority of the published literature
focuses on the accuracy of DL enabled PdM systems and often ignores the effect
of such attacks. In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of IoT sensor attacks
on a PdM system. At first, we use three state-of-the-art DL algorithms,
specifically, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for predicting the Remaining Useful Life
(RUL) of a turbofan engine using NASA's C-MAPSS dataset. The obtained results
show that the GRU-based PdM model outperforms some of the recent literature on
RUL prediction using the C-MAPSS dataset. Afterward, we model two different
types of false data injection attacks (FDIA) on turbofan engine sensor data and
evaluate their impact on CNN, LSTM, and GRU-based PdM systems. The obtained
results demonstrate that FDI attacks on even a few IoT sensors can strongly
defect the RUL prediction. However, the GRU-based PdM model performs better in
terms of accuracy and resiliency. Lastly, we perform a study on the GRU-based
PdM model using four different GRU networks with different sequence lengths.
Our experiments reveal an interesting relationship between the accuracy,
resiliency and sequence length for the GRU-based PdM models.