We consider a wireless communication system, where a transmitter sends
signals to a receiver with different modulation types while the receiver
classifies the modulation types of the received signals using its deep
learning-based classifier. Concurrently, an adversary transmits adversarial
perturbations using its multiple antennas to fool the classifier into
misclassifying the received signals. From the adversarial machine learning
perspective, we show how to utilize multiple antennas at the adversary to
improve the adversarial (evasion) attack performance. Two main points are
considered while exploiting the multiple antennas at the adversary, namely the
power allocation among antennas and the utilization of channel diversity.
First, we show that multiple independent adversaries, each with a single
antenna cannot improve the attack performance compared to a single adversary
with multiple antennas using the same total power. Then, we consider various
ways to allocate power among multiple antennas at a single adversary such as
allocating power to only one antenna, and proportional or inversely
proportional to the channel gain. By utilizing channel diversity, we introduce
an attack to transmit the adversarial perturbation through the channel with the
largest channel gain at the symbol level. We show that this attack reduces the
classifier accuracy significantly compared to other attacks under different
channel conditions in terms of channel variance and channel correlation across
antennas. Also, we show that the attack success improves significantly as the
number of antennas increases at the adversary that can better utilize channel
diversity to craft adversarial attacks.