Watermarking

A Decision-Theoretic Formalisation of Steganography With Applications to LLM Monitoring

Authors: Usman Anwar, Julianna Piskorz, David D. Baek, David Africa, Jim Weatherall, Max Tegmark, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Mihaela van der Schaar, David Krueger | Published: 2026-02-26
Watermarking
Data Management System
Model evaluation methods

Breaking Semantic-Aware Watermarks via LLM-Guided Coherence-Preserving Semantic Injection

Authors: Zheng Gao, Xiaoyu Li, Zhicheng Bao, Xiaoyan Feng, Jiaojiao Jiang | Published: 2026-02-25
Watermarking
Text Generation Method
Machine Learning Technology

On Protecting Agentic Systems’ Intellectual Property via Watermarking

Authors: Liwen Wang, Zongjie Li, Yuchong Xie, Shuai Wang, Dongdong She, Wei Wang, Juergen Rahmel | Published: 2026-02-09
Watermarking
エージェントシステムの透かし技術
Digital Watermarking for Generative AI

WorldCup Sampling for Multi-bit LLM Watermarking

Authors: Yidan Wang, Yubing Ren, Yanan Cao, Li Guo | Published: 2026-02-02
LLM Performance Evaluation
Algorithm Design
Watermarking

Detecting Benchmark Contamination Through Watermarking

Authors: Tom Sander, Pierre Fernandez, Saeed Mahloujifar, Alain Durmus, Chuan Guo | Published: 2025-02-24 | Updated: 2025-07-21
Watermarking
Data Contamination Detection
Performance Evaluation

GaussMark: A Practical Approach for Structural Watermarking of Language Models

Authors: Adam Block, Ayush Sekhari, Alexander Rakhlin | Published: 2025-01-17
Watermarking
Hypothesis Testing
Experimental Validation

Neural Honeytrace: A Robust Plug-and-Play Watermarking Framework against Model Extraction Attacks

Authors: Yixiao Xu, Binxing Fang, Rui Wang, Yinghai Zhou, Shouling Ji, Yuan Liu, Mohan Li, Zhihong Tian | Published: 2025-01-16 | Updated: 2025-01-17
Watermarking
Model Extraction Attack
Attack Evaluation

RAG-WM: An Efficient Black-Box Watermarking Approach for Retrieval-Augmented Generation of Large Language Models

Authors: Peizhuo Lv, Mengjie Sun, Hao Wang, Xiaofeng Wang, Shengzhi Zhang, Yuxuan Chen, Kai Chen, Limin Sun | Published: 2025-01-09
RAG
Watermarking
Watermark Evaluation

FreqMark: Frequency-Based Watermark for Sentence-Level Detection of LLM-Generated Text

Authors: Zhenyu Xu, Kun Zhang, Victor S. Sheng | Published: 2024-10-09
Watermarking
Watermark Robustness
Watermark Evaluation

Signal Watermark on Large Language Models

Authors: Zhenyu Xu, Victor S. Sheng | Published: 2024-10-09
LLM Performance Evaluation
Watermarking
Watermark Evaluation