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Abstract
Protecting the intellectual property of machine learning models is a hot
topic and many watermarking schemes for deep neural networks have been proposed
in the literature. Unfortunately, prior work largely neglected the
investigation of watermarking techniques for other types of models, including
decision tree ensembles, which are a state-of-the-art model for classification
tasks on non-perceptual data. In this paper, we present the first watermarking
scheme designed for decision tree ensembles, focusing in particular on random
forest models. We discuss watermark creation and verification, presenting a
thorough security analysis with respect to possible attacks. We finally perform
an experimental evaluation of the proposed scheme, showing excellent results in
terms of accuracy and security against the most relevant threats.