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Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) individual (ID) identification is a critical
security surveillance strategy in low-altitude integrated sensing and
communication (ISAC) networks. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic
knowledge distillation (KD)-enabled wireless radio frequency fingerprint large
language model (RFF-LLM) framework for UAV ID identification. First, we propose
an RFF-LLM framework based on the modified GPT-2 model to improve the
identification accuracy in complex outdoor environments. Then, considering the
parameter overhead of the RFF-LLM, we design a dynamic KD strategy to compress
the model. Specifically, the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm is
employed to dynamically adjust the distillation temperature, overcoming the
local optimum dilemma inherent in static KD. As a next step, the knowledge of
the RFF-LLM is adequately transferred to the lightweight Lite-HRNet model.
Finally, our experiments are conducted based on the self-built drone RFF
dataset of Release one, namely DRFF-R1, by collecting the I/Q signals of 20
commercial UAVs in channel 149. The experiment results show that the proposed
framework achieves 98.38\% ID identification accuracy with merely 0.15 million
parameters and 2.74 ms response time, which outperforms the benchmarks.