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Abstract
Machine learning algorithms can effectively classify malware through dynamic
behavior but are susceptible to adversarial attacks. Existing attacks, however,
often fail to find an effective solution in both the feature and problem
spaces. This issue arises from not addressing the intrinsic nondeterministic
nature of malware, namely executing the same sample multiple times may yield
significantly different behaviors. Hence, the perturbations computed for a
specific behavior may be ineffective for others observed in subsequent
executions. In this paper, we show how an attacker can augment their chance of
success by leveraging a new and more efficient feature space algorithm for
sequential data, which we have named PS-FGSM, and by adopting two problem space
strategies specially tailored to address nondeterminism in the problem space.
We implement our novel algorithm and attack strategies in Tarallo, an
end-to-end adversarial framework that significantly outperforms previous works
in both white and black-box scenarios. Our preliminary analysis in a sandboxed
environment and against two RNN-based malware detectors, shows that Tarallo
achieves a success rate up to 99% on both feature and problem space attacks
while significantly minimizing the number of modifications required for
misclassification.
External Datasets
VirusShare dataset n.375
VirusShare dataset n.290
(データセット名不明, 2000 malware samples from 2019 and 2000 benign executables)
(データセット名不明, features from 15931 malicious samples from April 2017 and 11856 samples from May 2017, including 11417 benign samples from April 2017 and 21983 from May 2017)