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Abstract
Security concerns about a machine learning model used in a
prediction-as-a-service include the privacy of the model, the query and the
result. Secure inference solutions based on homomorphic encryption (HE) and/or
multiparty computation (MPC) have been developed to protect all the sensitive
information. One of the most efficient type of solution utilizes HE for linear
layers, and MPC for non-linear layers. However, for such hybrid protocols with
semi-honest security, an adversary can malleate the intermediate features in
the inference process, and extract model information more effectively than
methods against inference service in plaintext. In this paper, we propose SEEK,
a general extraction method for hybrid secure inference services outputing only
class labels. This method can extract each layer of the target model
independently, and is not affected by the depth of the model. For ResNet-18,
SEEK can extract a parameter with less than 50 queries on average, with average
error less than $0.03\%$.