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Abstract
WiFi fingerprint-based indoor localization schemes deliver highly accurate
location data by matching the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) with an
offline database using machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) models.
However, over time, RSSI values degrade due to the malicious behavior of access
points (APs), causing low positional accuracy due to RSSI value mismatch with
the offline database. Existing literature lacks the detection of malicious APs
in the online phase and mitigating their effects. This research addresses these
limitations and proposes a long-term, reliable indoor localization scheme by
incorporating malicious AP detection and their effect mitigation techniques.
The proposed scheme uses a Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LGBM) classifier to
estimate locations and integrates simple yet efficient techniques to detect
malicious APs based on online query data. Subsequently, a mitigation technique
is incorporated that updates the offline database and online queries by
imputing stable values for malicious APs using LGBM Regressors. Additionally,
we introduce a noise addition mechanism in the offline database to capture the
dynamic environmental effects. Extensive experimental evaluation shows that the
proposed scheme attains a detection accuracy above 95% for each attack type.
The mitigation strategy effectively restores the system's performance nearly to
its original state when no malicious AP is present. The noise addition module
reduces localization errors by nearly 16%. Furthermore, the proposed solution
is lightweight, reducing the execution time by approximately 94% compared to
the existing methods.