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Abstract
Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising framework for collaboratively
training machine learning models across decentralized genomic datasets without
direct data sharing. While this approach preserves data locality, it remains
susceptible to sophisticated inference attacks that can compromise individual
privacy. In this study, we simulate a federated learning setup using synthetic
genomic data and assess its vulnerability to three key attack vectors:
Membership Inference Attack (MIA), Gradient-Based Membership Inference Attack,
and Label Inference Attack (LIA). Our experiments reveal that Gradient-Based
MIA achieves the highest effectiveness, with a precision of 0.79 and F1-score
of 0.87, underscoring the risk posed by gradient exposure in federated updates.
Additionally, we visualize comparative attack performance through radar plots
and quantify model leakage across clients. The findings emphasize the
inadequacy of na\"ive FL setups in safeguarding genomic privacy and motivate
the development of more robust privacy-preserving mechanisms tailored to the
unique sensitivity of genomic data.