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Abstract
Numerous studies have proved their effective strength in detecting Control
Area Network (CAN) attacks. In the realm of understanding the human semantic
space, transformer-based models have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness.
Leveraging pre-trained transformers has become a common strategy in various
language-related tasks, enabling these models to grasp human semantics more
comprehensively. To delve into the adaptability evaluation on pre-trained
models for CAN intrusion detection, we have developed two distinct models:
CAN-SecureBERT and CAN-LLAMA2. Notably, our CAN-LLAMA2 model surpasses the
state-of-the-art models by achieving an exceptional performance 0.999993 in
terms of balanced accuracy, precision detection rate, F1 score, and a
remarkably low false alarm rate of 3.10e-6. Impressively, the false alarm rate
is 52 times smaller than that of the leading model, MTH-IDS (Multitiered Hybrid
Intrusion Detection System). Our study underscores the promise of employing a
Large Language Model as the foundational model, while incorporating adapters
for other cybersecurity-related tasks and maintaining the model's inherent
language-related capabilities.