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Abstract
Malicious shell commands are linchpins to many cyber-attacks, but may not be
easy to understand by security analysts due to complicated and often disguised
code structures. Advances in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked the
possibility of generating understandable explanations for shell commands.
However, existing general-purpose LLMs suffer from a lack of expert knowledge
and a tendency to hallucinate in the task of shell command explanation. In this
paper, we present Raconteur, a knowledgeable, expressive and portable shell
command explainer powered by LLM. Raconteur is infused with professional
knowledge to provide comprehensive explanations on shell commands, including
not only what the command does (i.e., behavior) but also why the command does
it (i.e., purpose). To shed light on the high-level intent of the command, we
also translate the natural-language-based explanation into standard technique &
tactic defined by MITRE ATT&CK, the worldwide knowledge base of cybersecurity.
To enable Raconteur to explain unseen private commands, we further develop a
documentation retriever to obtain relevant information from complementary
documentations to assist the explanation process. We have created a large-scale
dataset for training and conducted extensive experiments to evaluate the
capability of Raconteur in shell command explanation. The experiments verify
that Raconteur is able to provide high-quality explanations and in-depth
insight of the intent of the command.