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Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming human decision-making by acting
as cognitive collaborators. Yet, this promise comes with a paradox: while LLMs
can improve accuracy, they may also erode independent reasoning, promote
over-reliance and homogenize decisions. In this paper, we investigate how LLMs
shape human judgment in security-critical contexts. Through two exploratory
focus groups (unaided and LLM-supported), we assess decision accuracy,
behavioral resilience and reliance dynamics. Our findings reveal that while
LLMs enhance accuracy and consistency in routine decisions, they can
inadvertently reduce cognitive diversity and improve automation bias, which is
especially the case among users with lower resilience. In contrast,
high-resilience individuals leverage LLMs more effectively, suggesting that
cognitive traits mediate AI benefit.