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Abstract
Dynamic Symbolic Execution (DSE) is a key technique in program analysis,
widely used in software testing, vulnerability discovery, and formal
verification. In distributed AI systems, DSE plays a crucial role in
identifying hard-to-detect bugs, especially those arising from complex network
communication patterns. However, traditional approaches to symbolic execution
are often hindered by scalability issues and inefficiencies, particularly in
large-scale systems. This paper introduces LIFT (Large-language-model
Integrated Functional-equivalent-IR Transformation), a novel framework that
leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the optimization of
Intermediate Representations (IRs) in symbolic execution. LIFT addresses the
challenges of symbolic execution by providing a scalable, context-sensitive
solution for IR transformation. The framework consists of two phases: IR
Analysis and Optimization, where LLMs optimize time-intensive IR blocks, and
Symbolic Execution and Validation, which includes benchmarking and semantic
verification to ensure correctness and generalizability. Experiments on
real-world binaries demonstrated significant performance improvements,
including a 53.5\% reduction in execution time for bigtest and a 10.24\%
reduction for random, along with reductions in IR statements, PUT instructions,
and temporary variables. These results demonstrate that LLMs simplify IRs while
maintaining functional correctness, enhancing symbolic execution in distributed
AI systems.