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Abstract
A Membership Inference Attack (MIA) assesses how much a target machine
learning model reveals about its training data by determining whether specific
query instances were part of the training set. State-of-the-art MIAs rely on
training hundreds of shadow models that are independent of the target model,
leading to significant computational overhead. In this paper, we introduce
Imitative Membership Inference Attack (IMIA), which employs a novel imitative
training technique to strategically construct a small number of target-informed
imitative models that closely replicate the target model's behavior for
inference. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that IMIA substantially
outperforms existing MIAs in various attack settings while only requiring less
than 5% of the computational cost of state-of-the-art approaches.