These labels were automatically added by AI and may be inaccurate. For details, see About Literature Database.
Abstract
Data privacy has become an increasingly important issue in Machine Learning
(ML), where many approaches have been developed to tackle this challenge, e.g.
cryptography (Homomorphic Encryption (HE), Differential Privacy (DP), etc.) and
collaborative training (Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC), Distributed
Learning and Federated Learning (FL)). These techniques have a particular focus
on data encryption or secure local computation. They transfer the intermediate
information to the third party to compute the final result. Gradient exchanging
is commonly considered to be a secure way of training a robust model
collaboratively in Deep Learning (DL). However, recent researches have
demonstrated that sensitive information can be recovered from the shared
gradient. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), in particular, has shown to be
effective in recovering such information. However, GAN based techniques require
additional information, such as class labels which are generally unavailable
for privacy-preserved learning. In this paper, we show that, in the FL system,
image-based privacy data can be easily recovered in full from the shared
gradient only via our proposed Generative Regression Neural Network (GRNN). We
formulate the attack to be a regression problem and optimize two branches of
the generative model by minimizing the distance between gradients. We evaluate
our method on several image classification tasks. The results illustrate that
our proposed GRNN outperforms state-of-the-art methods with better stability,
stronger robustness, and higher accuracy. It also has no convergence
requirement to the global FL model. Moreover, we demonstrate information
leakage using face re-identification. Some defense strategies are also
discussed in this work.