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Abstract
Automatic fake news detection is a challenging problem in misinformation
spreading, and it has tremendous real-world political and social impacts. Past
studies have proposed machine learning-based methods for detecting such fake
news, focusing on different properties of the published news articles, such as
linguistic characteristics of the actual content, which however have
limitations due to the apparent language barriers. Departing from such efforts,
we propose Fake News Detection-as-a Service (FNDaaS), the first automatic,
content-agnostic fake news detection method, that considers new and unstudied
features such as network and structural characteristics per news website. This
method can be enforced as-a-Service, either at the ISP-side for easier
scalability and maintenance, or user-side for better end-user privacy. We
demonstrate the efficacy of our method using more than 340K datapoints crawled
from existing lists of 637 fake and 1183 real news websites, and by building
and testing a proof of concept system that materializes our proposal. Our
analysis of data collected from these websites shows that the vast majority of
fake news domains are very young and appear to have lower time periods of an IP
associated with their domain than real news ones. By conducting various
experiments with machine learning classifiers, we demonstrate that FNDaaS can
achieve an AUC score of up to 0.967 on past sites, and up to 77-92% accuracy on
newly-flagged ones.