Carlos Agulló-Domingo,Óscar Vera-López,Seyda Guzelhan,Lohit Daksha,Aymane El Jerari,Kaustubh Shivdikar,Rashmi Agrawal,David Kaeli,Ajay Joshi,José L. Abellán
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Abstract
Word-wise Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) schemes, such as CKKS, are
gaining significant traction due to their ability to provide
post-quantum-resistant, privacy-preserving approximate computing; an especially
desirable feature in Machine-Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) cloud-computing
paradigms. OpenFHE is a leading CPU-based FHE library with robust CKKS
operations, but its server-side performance is not yet sufficient for practical
cloud deployment. As GPU computing becomes more common in data centers, many
FHE libraries are adding GPU support. However, integrating an efficient GPU
backend into OpenFHE is challenging. While OpenFHE uses a Hardware Abstraction
Layer (HAL), its flexible architecture sacrifices performance due to the
abstraction layers required for multi-scheme and multi-backend compatibility.
In this work, we introduce FIDESlib, the first open-source server-side CKKS GPU
library that is fully interoperable with well-established client-side OpenFHE
operations. Unlike other existing open-source GPU libraries, FIDESlib provides
the first implementation featuring heavily optimized GPU kernels for all CKKS
primitives, including bootstrapping. Our library also integrates robust
benchmarking and testing, ensuring it remains adaptable to further
optimization. Furthermore, its software architecture is designed to support
extensions to a multi-GPU backend for enhanced acceleration. Our experiments
across various GPU systems and the leading open-source CKKS library to date,
Phantom, show that FIDESlib offers superior performance and scalability. For
bootstrapping, FIDESlib achieves no less than 70x speedup over the
AVX-optimized OpenFHE implementation.