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Abstract
Federated Learning (FL) is a novel distributed privacy-preserving learning
paradigm, which enables the collaboration among several participants (e.g.,
Internet of Things devices) for the training of machine learning models.
However, selecting the participants that would contribute to this collaborative
training is highly challenging. Adopting a random selection strategy would
entail substantial problems due to the heterogeneity in terms of data quality,
and computational and communication resources across the participants. Although
several approaches have been proposed in the literature to overcome the problem
of random selection, most of these approaches follow a unilateral selection
strategy. In fact, they base their selection strategy on only the federated
server's side, while overlooking the interests of the client devices in the
process. To overcome this problem, we present in this paper FedMint, an
intelligent client selection approach for federated learning on IoT devices
using game theory and bootstrapping mechanism. Our solution involves the design
of: (1) preference functions for the client IoT devices and federated servers
to allow them to rank each other according to several factors such as accuracy
and price, (2) intelligent matching algorithms that take into account the
preferences of both parties in their design, and (3) bootstrapping technique
that capitalizes on the collaboration of multiple federated servers in order to
assign initial accuracy value for the newly connected IoT devices. Based on our
simulation findings, our strategy surpasses the VanillaFL selection approach in
terms of maximizing both the revenues of the client devices and accuracy of the
global federated learning model.