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Abstract
Digital Twins (DTs) are gaining prominence in cybersecurity for their ability
to replicate complex IT (Information Technology), OT (Operational Technology),
and IoT (Internet of Things) infrastructures, allowing for real time
monitoring, threat analysis, and system simulation. This study investigates how
integrating DTs with penetration testing tools and Large Language Models (LLMs)
can enhance cybersecurity education and operational readiness. By simulating
realistic cyber environments, this approach offers a practical, interactive
framework for exploring vulnerabilities and defensive strategies. At the core
of this research is the Red Team Knife (RTK), a custom penetration testing
toolkit aligned with the Cyber Kill Chain model. RTK is designed to guide
learners through key phases of cyberattacks, including reconnaissance,
exploitation, and response within a DT powered ecosystem. The incorporation of
Large Language Models (LLMs) further enriches the experience by providing
intelligent, real-time feedback, natural language threat explanations, and
adaptive learning support during training exercises. This combined DT LLM
framework is currently being piloted in academic settings to develop hands on
skills in vulnerability assessment, threat detection, and security operations.
Initial findings suggest that the integration significantly improves the
effectiveness and relevance of cybersecurity training, bridging the gap between
theoretical knowledge and real-world application. Ultimately, the research
demonstrates how DTs and LLMs together can transform cybersecurity education to
meet evolving industry demands.