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Abstract
Radiological material transportation is primarily facilitated by heavy-duty
on-road vehicles. Modern vehicles have dozens of electronic control units or
ECUs, which are small, embedded computers that communicate with sensors and
each other for vehicle functionality. ECUs use a standardized network
architecture--Controller Area Network or CAN--which presents grave security
concerns that have been exploited by researchers and hackers alike. For
instance, ECUs can be impersonated by adversaries who have infiltrated an
automotive CAN and disable or invoke unintended vehicle functions such as
brakes, acceleration, or safety mechanisms. Further, the quality of security
approaches varies wildly between manufacturers. Thus, research and development
of after-market security solutions have grown remarkably in recent years. Many
researchers are exploring deployable intrusion detection and prevention
mechanisms using machine learning and data science techniques. However, there
is a gap between developing security system algorithms and deploying prototype
security appliances in-vehicle. In this paper, we, a research team at Oak Ridge
National Laboratory working in this space, highlight challenges in the
development pipeline, and provide techniques to standardize methodology and
overcome technological hurdles.