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Abstract
Federated learning is a machine learning method that supports training models
on decentralized devices or servers, where each holds its local data, removing
the need for data exchange. This approach is especially useful in healthcare,
as it enables training on sensitive data without needing to share them. The
nature of federated learning necessitates robust security precautions due to
data leakage concerns during communication. To address this issue, we propose a
new approach that employs selective encryption, homomorphic encryption,
differential privacy, and bit-wise scrambling to minimize data leakage while
achieving good execution performance. Our technique , FAS (fast and secure
federated learning) is used to train deep learning models on medical imaging
data. We implemented our technique using the Flower framework and compared with
a state-of-the-art federated learning approach that also uses selective
homomorphic encryption. Our experiments were run in a cluster of eleven
physical machines to create a real-world federated learning scenario on
different datasets. We observed that our approach is up to 90\% faster than
applying fully homomorphic encryption on the model weights. In addition, we can
avoid the pretraining step that is required by our competitor and can save up
to 46% in terms of total execution time. While our approach was faster, it
obtained similar security results as the competitor.