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Abstract
It is common practice to use data containing personal information to build
predictive models in the framework of empirical risk minimization (ERM). While
these models can be highly accurate in prediction, sharing the results from
these models trained on sensitive data may be susceptible to privacy attacks.
Differential privacy (DP) is an appealing framework for addressing such data
privacy issues by providing mathematically provable bounds on the privacy loss
incurred when releasing information from sensitive data. Previous work has
primarily concentrated on applying DP to unweighted ERM. We consider weighted
ERM (wERM), an important generalization, where each individual's contribution
to the objective function can be assigned varying weights. We propose the first
differentially private algorithm for general wERM, with theoretical DP
guarantees. Extending the existing DP-ERM procedures to wERM creates a pathway
for deriving privacy-preserving learning methods for individualized treatment
rules, including the popular outcome weighted learning (OWL). We evaluate the
performance of the DP-wERM framework applied to OWL in both simulation studies
and in a real clinical trial. All empirical results demonstrate the feasibility
of training OWL models via wERM with DP guarantees while maintaining
sufficiently robust model performance, providing strong evidence for the
practicality of implementing the proposed privacy-preserving OWL procedure in
real-world scenarios involving sensitive data.